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What Happens at the End of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance

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Portuguese-American neuroscientist

Antonio Damasio
António Damásio no Fronteiras do Pensamento Porto Alegre 2013 cropped.png

Damasio at the Fronteiras practice Pensamento briefing in 2013.
Built-in (1944-02-25) 25 February 1944 (historic period 78)

Lisbon, Portugal
Nationality U.S. and Portuguese
Alma mater Academy of Lisbon
Spouse(due south) Hanna Damasio
Awards Pessoa Prize (1992)
Golden Brain Honor (1995)
Prince of Asturias Prize (2005)
Honda Prize (2010)
Grawemeyer Award in Psychology (2014)
Paul D. MacLean Award (2019)
Scientific career
Fields Cognitive Neuroscience
Institutions University of Southern California, Academy of Iowa
Thesis Perturbações neurológicas da linguagem eastward de outras funções simbólicas(1974)
Author abbrev. (phytology) 1333
Councilor of Country

Incumbent

Causeless office
24 April 2017
President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Preceded by António Guterres
Website www.antoniodamasio.com

Antonio Damasio (Portuguese: António Damásio) is a Portuguese-American neuroscientist. He is currently the David Dornsife Chair in Neuroscience, too as Professor of Psychology, Philosophy, and Neurology, at the University of Southern California, and, additionally, an offshoot professor at the Salk Establish.[ane] He was previously the chair of neurology at the Academy of Iowa for 20 years.[ii] Damasio heads the Brain and Creativity Institute, and has authored several books: his next to latest work, Self Comes to Mind: Amalgam the Conscious Brain (2010), explores the relationship between the brain and consciousness.[iii] Damasio'due south inquiry in neuroscience has shown that emotions play a cardinal office in social knowledge and decision-making.[4]

Life and piece of work [edit]

During the 1960s, Damasio studied medicine at the University of Lisbon Medical School, where he likewise did his neurological residency and completed his doctorate in 1974. For part of his studies, he researched behavioral neurology under the supervision of Norman Geschwind of the Aphasia Enquiry Center in Boston.

Damasio's main field is neurobiology, especially the neural systems which underlie emotion, conclusion-making, memory, language and consciousness. Damasio might believe that emotions play a disquisitional office in high-level cognition—an idea counter to ascendant 20th-century views in psychology, neuroscience and philosophy.[ commendation needed ]

Damasio in 2008 (2nd from right).

Damasio formulated the somatic marker hypothesis,[5] a theory virtually how emotions and their biological underpinnings are involved in conclusion-making (both positively and negatively, and frequently not-consciously). Emotions provide the scaffolding for the construction of social cognition and are required for the self processes which undergird consciousness.[ citation needed ] "Damasio provides a contemporary scientific validation of the linkage between feelings and the body by highlighting the connection between heed and nerve cells ... this personalized embodiment of mind."[half dozen]

The somatic marking hypothesis has inspired many neuroscience experiments carried out in laboratories in the U.South. and Europe, and has had a major impact in gimmicky scientific discipline and philosophy.[7] Damasio has been named by the Institute for Scientific Data as ane of the most highly cited researchers in the past decade. Current work on the biology of moral decisions, neuro-economic science, social communication, and drug-addiction, has been strongly influenced by Damasio'southward hypothesis.[ citation needed ] An article published in the Archives of Scientific Psychology in 2014 named Damasio i of the 100 most eminent psychologist of the modern era. (Diener et al. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 2014, ii, 20–32). The June–July issue of Sciences Humaines included Damasio in its list of fifty primal thinkers in the homo sciences of the by ii centuries.

Damasio as well proposed that emotions are part of homeostatic regulation and are rooted in advantage/penalty mechanisms. He recovered William James' perspective on feelings as a read-out of body states, but expanded it with an "every bit-if-body-loop" device which allows for the substrate of feelings to be simulated rather than actual (foreshadowing the simulation process later uncovered past mirror neurons). He demonstrated experimentally that the insular cortex is a critical platform for feelings, a finding that has been widely replicated, and he uncovered cortical and subcortical induction sites for human emotions, east.yard. in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.[8] He likewise demonstrated that while the insular cortex plays a major part in feelings, it is not necessary for feelings to occur, suggesting that brain stem structures play a bones role in the feeling process.[9]

He has continued to investigate the neural basis of feelings and demonstrated that although the insular cortex is a major substrate for this process it is non exclusive, suggesting that brain stem nuclei are critical platforms also.[x] He regards feelings every bit the necessary foundation of sentience.[11]

In another development, Damasio proposed that the cortical architecture on which learning and recall depend involves multiple, hierarchically organized loops of axonal projections that converge on certain nodes out of which projections diverge to the points of origin of convergence (the convergence-deviation zones). This architecture is applicative to the understanding of memory processes and of aspects of consciousness related to the access of mental contents.[12]

In The Feeling of What Happens, Damasio laid the foundations of the "enchainment of precedences": "the nonconscious neural signaling of an individual organism begets the protoself which permits core self and core consciousness, which allow for an autobiographical self, which permits extended consciousness. At the finish of the chain, extended consciousness permits conscience.[thirteen] [14]

Damasio'southward research depended significantly on establishing the mod man lesion method, an enterprise made possible past Hanna Damasio's structural neuroimaging/neuroanatomy work complemented by experimental neuroanatomy (with Gary Van Hoesen and Josef Parvizi), experimental neuropsychology (with Antoine Bechara, Ralph Adolphs, and Dan Tranel) and functional neuroimaging (with Kaspar Meyer, Jonas Kaplan, and Mary Helen Immordino-Yang). The experimental neuroanatomy piece of work with Van Hoesen and Bradley Hyman led to the discovery of the disconnection of the hippocampus caused by neurofibrillary tangles in the entorhinal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease.[xv]

As a clinician, he and his collaborators take studied and treated disorders of behaviour and cognition, and movement disorders.

Damasio's books deal with the relationship betwixt emotions and their encephalon substrates. His 1994 volume, Descartes' Mistake: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain, won the Science et Vie prize, was a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Award, and is translated in over xxx languages. It is regarded as one of the most influential books of the by two decades.[16] His second book, The Feeling of What Happens: Torso and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, was named as one of the ten best books of 2001 by the New York Times Volume Review, a Publishers Weekly Best Volume of the Year, a Library Journal Best Book of the Year, and has over xxx foreign editions.[ citation needed ] On the basis of a unmarried-case experiment, Damasio suggested emotions belong to the automatic vital processes of the body and thus tin can be recognized by a person without whatsoever class of memory.[17] In 2003, this piece of work was followed past the publication of Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain. In it, Damasio suggested that the philosopher Baruch Spinoza's thinking foreshadowed discoveries in biology and neuroscience views on the mind-body problem and that Spinoza was a protobiologist. Damasio'south adjacent to latest volume is Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Encephalon. In it Damasio suggests that the self is the cardinal to conscious minds and that feelings, from the kind he designates equally primordial to the well-known feelings of emotion, are the basic elements in the construction of the protoself and core cocky. The volume received the Corinne International Book Prize.[18]

Damasio is a member of the American University of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. He is the recipient of several prizes, amongst them the Grawemeyer Award,[19] the Honda Prize, the Prince of Asturias Award in Science and Technology[ commendation needed ] and the Beaumont Medal from the American Medical Clan, likewise every bit honorary degrees from, about recently, the Sorbonne (Université Paris Descartes), shared with his married woman Hanna Damasio. He has also received doctorates from the Universities of Aachen, Copenhagen, Leiden, Barcelona, Coimbra, Leuven and numerous others.[twenty]

In 2013, the Escola Secundária António Damásio was dedicated in Lisbon.

He says he writes in the belief that "scientific knowledge can be a colonnade to help humans endure and prevail."[21]

He is married to Hanna Damasio, a prominent neuroscientist and frequent collaborator and co-writer, who is a professor of neuroscience at the University of Southern California and the director of the Dornsife Neuroimaging Middle.

In 2017 he was designated member of the Council of State of Portugal, replacing Antonio Guterres, the ninth Secretary-General of the United nations.

Damasio additionally serves on the board of directors of the Berggruen Institute, and sits on the jury for the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy.[22] [23]

Selected bibliography [edit]

Books [edit]

  • Descartes' Fault: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain, Putnam, 1994; revised Penguin edition, 2005
  • The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, Harcourt, 1999
  • Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Encephalon, Harcourt, 2003
  • Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Witting Brain, Pantheon, 2010. ISBN 978-ane-5012-4695-1
  • The Strange Social club of Things: Life, Feeling, and the Making of Cultures, [24] [25] Pantheon, 2018.
  • Feeling and Knowing: Making Minds Conscious, 2021

Selected articles [edit]

  • Pull a fast one on M.R.; Kaplan J.; Damasio H.; Damasio A. (2015). "Neural correlates of gratitude". Frontiers in Psychology. six (1491): 1491. doi:ten.3389/fpsyg.2015.01491. PMC4588123. PMID 26483740.
  • Sachs Yard.; Damasio A.; Habibi A. (2015). "The pleasures of sorry music: a systematic review". Frontiers in Homo Neuroscience. 9 (404): 1–12. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00404. PMC4513245. PMID 26257625.
  • Man Chiliad.; Damasio A.; Meyer Chiliad.; Kaplan J.T. (2015). "Convergent and invariant object representations for sight, sound, and touch". Human being Brain Mapping. 36 (ix): 3629–3640. doi:x.1002/hbm.22867. PMC6869094. PMID 26047030.
  • Habibi A.; Damasio A. (2014). "Music, feelings and the human brain". Psychomusicology: Music, Mind and Brain. 24 (one): 92–102. doi:10.1037/pmu0000033.
  • Homo K, Kaplan J.T., Damasio H, Damasio A. (28 October 2013). "Neural convergence and divergence in the mammalian cerebral cortex: from experimental neuroanatomy to functional neuroimaging". Journal of Comparative Neurology. 521 (18): 4097–4111. doi:ten.1002/cne.23408. PMC3853095. PMID 23840023. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  • Araujo H P, Kaplan JT, Damasio A (4 September 2013). "Cortical midline structures and autobiographical-self processes: an activation-likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. seven: 548. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00548. PMC3762365. PMID 24027520. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  • Damasio, A; Carvalho, GB (2013). "The nature of feelings: Evolutionary and neurobiological origins". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 14 (2): 143–52. doi:10.1038/nrn3403. PMID 23329161. S2CID 35232202.
  • Damasio A, Damasio H, Tranel D (2012). "Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula". Cognitive Cortex. 23 (iv): 833–46. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs077. PMC3657385. PMID 22473895.
  • Feinstein J, Adolphs R, Damasio A, Tranel D (2011). "The human amygdala and the induction and experience of fear". Current Biological science. 21 (1): i–5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.eleven.042. PMC3030206. PMID 21167712.
  • Meyer K, Kaplan JT, Essex R, Damasio H, Damasio A (2011). "Seeing touch is correlated with content-specific action in primary somatosensory cortex". Cerebral Cortex. 21 (ix): 2113–2121. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq289. PMC3155604. PMID 21330469.
  • Meyer 1000, Kaplan JT, Essex R, Webber C, Damasio H, Damasio A (2010). "Predicting visual stimuli based on activity in auditory cortices". Nature Neuroscience. thirteen (6): 667–668. doi:x.1038/nn.2533. PMID 20436482. S2CID 8226089.
  • Meyer K, Damasio A (2009). "Convergence and divergence in a neural compages for recognition and retentivity". Trends in Neurosciences. 32 (7): 376–382. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.04.002. PMID 19520438. S2CID 205403597.
  • Immordino-Yang MH, McColl A, Damasio H, Damasio A (2009). "Neural correlates of admiration and pity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United states of America. 106 (19): 8021–8026. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810363106. PMC2670880. PMID 19414310.
  • Damasio A, Meyer K (2008). "Behind the looking glass". Nature. 454 (7201): 167–168. Bibcode:2008Natur.454..167D. doi:10.1038/454167a. PMID 18615070. S2CID 200767224.
  • Parvizi J, Van Hoesen M, Buckwalter J, Damasio A (2006). "Neural connections of the posteromedial cortex in the macaque: Implications for the understanding of the neural basis of consciousness". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (5): 1563–1568. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507729103. PMC1345704. PMID 16432221.
  • Shiv B, Lowenstein G, Bechara A, Damasio H, Damasio A (2005). "Investment behavior and the negative side of emotion". Psychological Scientific discipline. 16 (6): 435–439. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01553.10 (inactive 28 February 2022). PMID 15943668. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2022 (link)
  • Parvizi J, Damasio AR (2003). "Neuroanatomical correlates of brainstem coma". Brain. 126 (Pt seven): 1524–1536. doi:10.1093/brain/awg166. PMID 12805123.
  • Parvizi J, Damasio AR (2001). "Consciousness and the brainstem". Noesis. 79 (1–two): 135–160. doi:x.1016/S0010-0277(00)00127-10. PMID 11164026. S2CID 205872101.
  • Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LL, Parvizi J, Hichwa RD (2000). "Subcortical and cortical brain action during the feeling of self-generated emotions". Nature Neuroscience. 3 (10): 1049–1056. doi:10.1038/79871. PMID 11017179. S2CID 3352415.
  • Damasio AR. (1999). "How the brain creates the mind". Scientific American. 281 (6): 74–79. Bibcode:1999SciAm.281f.112D. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1299-112. PMID 10614073.
  • Damasio AR (1998). "Investigating the biological science of consciousness". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Gild of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1377): 1879–1882. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0339. PMC1692416. PMID 9854259.
  • Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio AR (1997). "Deciding advantageously earlier knowing the advantageous strategy". Scientific discipline. 275 (5304): 1293–1294. doi:10.1126/scientific discipline.275.5304.1293. PMID 9036851. S2CID 4942279.
  • Damasio AR. (1996). "The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Order of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 351 (1346): 1413–1420. doi:ten.1098/rstb.1996.0125. PMID 8941953.
  • Bechara A, Damasio AR, Damasio H, Anderson Southward (1994). "Insensitivity to future consequences post-obit damage to human prefrontal cortex". Cognition. fifty (1–3): 7–15. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3. PMID 8039375. S2CID 204981454.
  • Adolphs R, Tranel D, Damasio AR (1994). "Impaired recognition of emotion in facial expressions following bilateral harm to the human amygdala". Nature. 372 (6507): 669–672. Bibcode:1994Natur.372..669A. doi:10.1038/372669a0. PMID 7990957. S2CID 25169376.
  • Damasio AR, Tranel D (1993). "Nouns and verbs are retrieved with differently distributed neural systems". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. xc (11): 4957–4960. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.4957D. doi:10.1073/pnas.ninety.11.4957. PMC46632. PMID 8506341.
  • Damasio A, Tranel D, Damasio H (1990). "Face agnosia and the neural substrates of memory". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 13: 89–109. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.xiii.030190.000513. PMID 2183687.
  • Damasio AR. (1989). "Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: A systems level proposal for the neural substrates of recall and recognition". Cognition. 33 (i–two): 25–62. CiteSeerX10.1.1.308.6140. doi:x.1016/0010-0277(89)90005-X. PMID 2691184. S2CID 34115898.
  • Tranel D, Damasio A (1985). "Noesis without sensation: An autonomic index of facial recognition by prosopagnosics". Scientific discipline. 228 (21): 1453–1454. Bibcode:1985Sci...228.1453T. doi:x.1126/science.4012303. PMID 4012303.
  • Hyman B, Van Hoesen GW, Damasio A, Barnes C (1984). "Alzheimer'due south disease: Prison cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation". Scientific discipline. 225 (4667): 1168–1170. Bibcode:1984Sci...225.1168H. doi:10.1126/science.6474172. PMID 6474172.
  • Damasio A, Geschwind North (1984). "The neural basis of language". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 7: 127–147. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.07.030184.001015. PMID 6370077.
  • Anderson SW, Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio AR (1999). "Impairment of social and moral behaviour related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex". Nature Neuroscience. ii (11): 1032–1037. doi:10.1038/14833. PMID 10526345. S2CID 204990285.

See also [edit]

  • Brain and Creativity Constitute
  • Damasio's theory of consciousness
  • Insular cortex
  • Hanna Damasio
  • Joseph East. LeDoux

References [edit]

  1. ^ Kinesthesia Profile
  2. ^ "Neurology at Iowa: 100 Years of Progress | Section of Neurology".
  3. ^ Block, Ned (2010-11-26). "Book Review - By Antonio Damasio". The New York Times . Retrieved 2016-11-08 .
  4. ^ "Antonio Damasio | Speaker | TED".
  5. ^ Damasio AR. "The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the pre-frontal cortex". Transactions of the Majestic Society. (London) 351:1413–1420. 1996.
  6. ^ Lara Trout. The Politics of Survival (2010). p. 74.
  7. ^ "APA PsycNet".
  8. ^ Damasio AR, Grabowski TJ, Bechara A, Damasio H, Ponto LLB, Parvizi J, Hichwa RD. Subcortical and cortical brain action during the feeling of self-generated emotions" Nature Neuroscience three:1049–1056. 2000
  9. ^ Damasio A, Damasio H, Tranel D (2012). "Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula". Cerebral Cortex. 23 (iv): 833–46. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs077. PMC3657385. PMID 22473895.
  10. ^ Damasio A, Damasio H, Tranel D (2012). "Persistence of feelings and sentience after bilateral damage of the insula". Cerebral Cortex. 23 (4): 833–46. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs077. PMC3657385. PMID 22473895.
  11. ^ Shackleton-Jones, Nick (2019-05-03). How people acquire : designing effective training to improve employee performance. London, United kingdom. ISBN9780749484712. OCLC 1098213554.
  12. ^ Damasio AR. Time-locked multiregional retroactivation: a systems level proposal for the neural substrates of remember and recognition" Cognition 33:25–62. 1989
  13. ^ Damasio, António (1999). The Feeling of What Happens . Harcourt. ISBN978-0-fifteen-100369-3.
  14. ^ Shackleton-Jones, Nick (2019-05-03). How people learn : designing effective training to improve employee performance. London, United kingdom. ISBN9780749484712. OCLC 1098213554.
  15. ^ Hyman B, Van Hoesen GW, Damasio A, Barnes C. Alzheimer's affliction: prison cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation" Science 225:1168–1170. 1984
  16. ^ In Jan 2010, Sciences Humaines named information technology one of the twenty books that inverse the vision of the earth. The volume has been cited over 13,000 times
  17. ^ Sati, Amanda. The Feeling of What Happens: Torso and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness, Antonio Damasio. Heinemann: London 1999 (Review) (doc). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 9, 2021.
  18. ^ Damasio, António. "Self Comes to Listen". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-10-11 .
  19. ^ "Damasio wins Grawmeyer Psychology Accolade".
  20. ^ Damasio, António. "USC faculty website".
  21. ^ António R. Damasio, Descartes' Error (New York 1994) p. 252
  22. ^ "Board of Directors Archives".
  23. ^ Stanley, Alessandra "The Billionaire Who'south Edifice a Davos of His Own", The New York Times, Apr sixteen, 2016. Accessed December 27, 2016.
  24. ^ Woolfson, Adrian (30 Jan 2018). "The messy biological basis of culture". Nature. Vol. 554, no. 7690. p. xxx. doi:ten.1038/d41586-018-01326-five. Retrieved five March 2018.
  25. ^ Banville, John (2 February 2018). "The Strange Lodge of Things by Antonio Damasio review – why feelings are the unstoppable force". The Guardian . Retrieved v March 2018.

External links [edit]

  • USC Faculty page
  • Brain and Creativity Institute
  • Antonio Damasio at TED Edit this at Wikidata
    • Antonio Damasio: The quest to empathise consciousness (TED2011)
  • Audio of António Damasio 2003 lecture, "Emotion, Feeling, and Social Behavior: The Encephalon Perspective" at Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities
  • Ideas of António Damasio – JRSM volume review
  • Antonio Damasio in conversation with Craig Calhoun

gariepymaring.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Damasio

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